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Temperature is a crucial factor that significantly affects enzyme activity. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms, and their activity is highly dependent on temperature. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature range where it functions most efficiently. When the temperature rises, the enzyme's kinetic energy increases, leading to more frequent collisions between enzymes and substrates, thus enhancing the rate of reaction.

However, if the temperature exceeds the optimal range, the enzyme may denature, causing a loss of its three-dimensional structure and, consequently, its function. This is because enzymes have a specific shape that allows them to bind to their substrates effectively. When the structure is altered due to extreme temperatures, the active site may no longer fit the substrate, leading to a decrease in reaction rates.

While other factors like the type of enzyme and duration of the reaction can influence enzyme activity, they do not have the same direct and fundamental impact as temperature does in terms of maintaining the structural integrity and functional capability of the enzyme. The color of the enzyme is not a factor that affects its activity since it does not influence the enzyme's ability to catalyze reactions.